Lab Report-Photosynthesis Essay Example

Lab Report Lab Report-Photosynthesis Paper Lab Report-Photosynthesis Paper Essay Topic: Synthesis When reduced this indicator changes from blue to a colorless solution. When light is absorbed, water is oxidized and the excited electrons are transferred for the process of reducing NADIA+ to NADIA. This transfer is done via the electron transport chain. DUCKPIN is able to capture the electrons that are transferred through the electron transport chain which will cause the color intensity of the indicator solution to decrease. The decrease in intensity of the indicator correlates to an increased rate of photosynthetic activity. Varied light intensities can alter the photosynthetic capability of chloroplasts. As light intensity increases, it is apparent that the rate of photosynthesis begins to decrease until a certain level of light saturation. If the intensity extends over a certain tolerance level, photo inhibition occurs. The light used for photosynthesis requires a specific wavelength for the pigments in chloroplast to absorb it. Light independent reactions occur in the stoma of the chloroplast whereas the light reactions occur in chloroplasts that sit on the ethylated membrane. White light is comprised of all the colors in the spectrum where each of these colors contains different energy; hence they are all of different wavelengths. Since pigments only absorb certain wavelengths within the visible spectrum, the others are transmitted or reflected. Blue and red light tend to contribute to the highest rates of photosynthesis whereas green and yellow result in the lowest rates. The purpose of the experiment was to investigate photosynthetic electron transport, using isolated chloroplast from silver beet leaves. Seven spectrophotometer tubes were numbered and solutions A-D were added according to the volumes in TABLE 1. Tube 1 was capped and inverted several times. The Spectrophotometer was calibrated using tube 1, which contained chloroplasts and sucrose only, as the blank, to ensure that any changes in absorbency for the other treatments could be attributed to the reduction of the dye DUCKPIN. At time, zero (miss), absorbency was recorded for al treatments immediately after addition of DUCKPIN and mixing of contents. This gives a rate per foot-candle and allows you to compare he effectiveness of the light based on color alone. In tube 2, there is a decrease in the absorption rate when the reaction mix is mixed. In test tube 3, the readings of the absorption rate decreases when in the presence of light. There is a decrease in reading up till the 60th minute and then the absorbency rate decreases in test tube 4. In test tube 5, there is a decrease in absorption rate when ADDICT is mixed. The readings for the absorption rate increases up till the 30th minute then it would decrease in test tube 6. In test tube 7, the readings increase up till the 30th minute then it would decrease and increase again. Graph of absorbency against time taken for DUCKPIN dye to turn colorless DISCUSSION The readings obtained in test tube 2 and 4 the readings are good as there is a decrease in absorption as the mixture is placed in the dark. Chlorophyll pigments can only carry out photosynthesis in the presence of sunlight. The dark chloroplasts and boiled chloroplasts showed some signs of photosynthesis but insubstantial compared to the fully functioning chloroplasts. Because DIP measures only the light reactions (because those are the only stages in which NADIA+ is reduced) and DIP reduction was very low in both, we can conclude hat the light-dependent reactions do not occur in either dark or boiled chloroplasts. Boiling most likely damaged (denatured) the chlorophyll beyond repair, so it functions just like as if it was covered with foil occasionally some stray photons will excite the chlorophyll, but holistically, that is not much at all. In test tube 3, the readings of the absorption rate decreases when in the presence of light. In test tube 5 the Hill Reaction will be analyzed by measuring the light absorbency of DUCKPIN as chlorophyll and the electron transport chain reduce it under exposure to light. An electron transfer inhibitor, 3-(3,4-decontrolling)-1,1 methyl-urea (DDCD), which prevents platitudinous from receiving electrons from the primary electron acceptor, will be present in different concentrations to demonstrate the reduction of DUCKPIN as being a consequence of the splitting of H2O and the transfer of electrons from chlorophyll to the primary acceptor and subsequent molecules of the electron transport chain. The rate that the DUCKPIN dye transforms from blue to clear is a function of how frequently electrons are passed through photosynthesis II, measurements of the absorbency of the DUCKPIN dye over exposure time to light will indicate the relative rate of H2O splitting ND photosynthesis II activity under the different concentrations of the DDCD electron inhibitor: the decrease in the rate of absorbency. In tube 6 the readings are such as photons are absorbed by the photometers when there is higher light intensity. A higher rate of photon absorption indicates that more electrons are excited in the photometers which leads to a higher rate of photosynthesis. However the readings are not accurate as the reading fluctuates increasing and decreasing when it is supposed to increase steadily this may be due to errors that was done during the experiment, when the absorbency rate was measured after the 60th minute the test tube was not closed this may have caused the reading to drop. In test tube 7 has high absorbency reading at the end of the 90th minute because green light wavelength is the least effective for photosynthesis. However the reading decreases at the 60th minute and this may be due to the way the test tubes were placed in the ice, the position of the test tube was altered and maybe only half of the mixture was immersed in ice. This may have caused the difference in the reading as the readings were affected by heat and chloroplast is heat sensitive.

29 Improv Opening Lines to Try

29 Improv Opening Lines to Try Here are 29 opening lines- improv starters- to get two-person improvisations jump-started. Each line is created to give the student actors a sense of the characters and setting for an improvised scene. Directions: Print this page and cut the paper into strips- one line per strip.Put the strips into a â€Å"hat†- a container.Assemble student actors into groups of two scene partners.Explain that one student actor per pair will pick a slip that has an opening line printed on it. That student actor will need to read and memorize the opening line, but will not reveal the line to his or her scene partner- yet. This line will be the first line spoken in the pair’s improv.Have one member of each pair pick a line out of the hat and memorize it.Remind student actors of the classroom improvisation guidelines.Have each pair present their improv.Hold a brief reflection on each improv- â€Å"What can you praise?† â€Å"What might they polish?† Opening Lines Excuse me, ma’am. I need to return this shirt for a refund.Miss, I am afraid I did not order a hot dog for dinner.Look, I know you hate this, but we need at least one good photo of you.So, Jordan, please explain why Paul’s homework was in your backpack.Officer, please, no! Don’t give me a speeding ticket!Do you think Mother would like this crown or the silver one?Oh! It is such an honor to meet you! Could I get your autograph for my daughter?Sir, your suitcase will not fit in the overhead bin.I think our cheer needs a better jump and some words that rhyme with team.Ladies and Gentlemen, please welcome today’s guest- Pat Perkins- an expert on how to organize your desk!Look, my muscles are killing me! Can’t we take a break from this workout?Just rip the paper off! I can’t wait for you to see this totally unique gift!Excuse me, ma’am. Is that dinosaur skeleton real or is it just a model?Well, this is what we’ve been training for- t he Olympics! Are you ready to earn that gold medal?I think these shoes make my feet look far too big. Please get me a different pair. Ugh! All the other parents let their kids see PG-13 movies! You’ve just got to let me go!All you have to do is step-kick-step-kick-step-kick. Now try it with me.Behind us is the U.S. Capitol Building, and over there, you’ll see the Washington Monument.It’s just a little tattoo on my arm! Dad has one! I don’t see why you are so upset!Mr. Higgins, please tell our viewers how you plan to spend your lottery winnings!I understand you were an eyewitness to the skateboard theft. Please tell our viewers what you saw.Oh, I am so sorry, but pumpkin spice latte season ended yesterday! What other drink can I get you?Did you honestly think that a trail of breadcrumbs would help us find our way out of the forest and back to our house?Stop right there. You are not leaving this house dressed like that!Halt right there! You are not leaving this palace dressed like that!Your teacher tells me that your classroom behavior is inappropriate. What is your side of the story?I am so sorry, but your credit card has been declined. I’ll need another form of payment. O  woe! O pity! There is no way we shall ever reach the castle by dark!Ew! I thought you said you could cook!

Housing issues and housing solutions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Housing issues and housing solutions - Essay Example The residential facilities are poorly repaired and maintained and the security in the locality is compromised. This has seen several tenants shift to other residential facilities not managed by the firm. This discourse is an advice to Riverslake Housing Association in its housing management strategies. Involving tenants in vital decision making in matters regarding housing estate management have proven to be of great importance. For instance, In Tamworth, Landlord Services Tenancy agreement was reviewed on consulting the tenants and it is one of the best agreements ever achieved. Tenants also participated in the initiation of Housing Revenue account (HRA) and this has been helpful to both the tenants and the landlords. Such involvement also saw the launch of various projects dubbed ‘plant a pot’ and ‘Grow your own’ and these are meant to conserve the environment and create a sense of belonging among the tenants. Furthermore, ‘the love where you live’ and ‘BIG Tidy Up’ campaigns has resulted to clean living environments and united tenants, this would not be achieved if every decisions were made by the housing estate managers. Consulting tenants ensures that services provided are accordance to the tenants needs. Tenants would be exact or precise on their wishes and needs and this would help the housing estate managers save time and resources to fix specific areas as per the tenants needs. Furthermore, this would retain the existing tenants and attract more as there wishes and needs are well taken care of. Major housing management firms in California opted to involve their tenants in major decision making and this increased their income by 12% according to the report dubbed, ‘involving tenants’ This encourages them to pay their dues or rent in good time and this advantageous to the housing managers (Audit

Free Public Transportation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Free Public Transportation - Essay Example As a preliminary matter, the public is turning to public transportation as an alternative to private transportation. As noted by the American Public Transportation Organization, "Steady increases in transit investment have dramatically improved and expanded public transportation services, attracting record numbers of riders on state-of-the-art systems in metropolitan, small urban and rural areas alike" (2008: n.p.). These are fee-based public transportation systems, but the data demonstrates that extraordinarily large numbers of the public are choosing public transportation and that this trend applies equally in both heavily and less populated areas. The demand, in short, is both strong and demographically diverse. In addition, the data has linked a number of benefits to public transportation. For instance, there has been "improved mobility, safety, security, economic opportunity and environmental quality" where public transportation systems have been implemented (The Benefits of Public Transportation, 2008: n.p.). These benefits do not apply only to a narrow segment of the population; quite the contrary, they benefit individual workers, families, businesses, governmental units, and even national goals such as energy conservation and the health and security of citizens.

We Must Invest in Technology Education :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many school districts today are faced with the ever-growing challenge of inadequate funding for technology education; one school found an inventive way to meet this challenge. In Spokane, Washington, the Audubon Elementary Student Technology Cabinet was formed as an innovative way to assist the school with the essential technology support on a restricted budget. At the onset, students in the cabinet received training on how to clean the computers, load new programs and trouble shoot computer glitches. Moreover, students perform as mentors for other students assisting with computer-based homework and research projects. Club members spend approximately two hours a week going from class to class exposing children to the wonderful world of technology and it's many applications: surfing the web, and assistance when writing a report and fun and games. Like the children described above, students anxiously desire the experience of working with computers and technology; since, they not only see computer knowledge as fun but as a necessary part of their education. According to Kyle Martin, a sixth grader at Audubon Elementary, "I use my computer and the Internet every night to finish my homework. It's a lot easier than going to the library and searching for the right book." In the past, information was treated as a scarce resource, and educators harnessed the task of imparting this information for the benefit of the learners. This is not true in the world today; as a matter of fact, students encounter a vast reservoir of information at their fingertips: the Internet, CD ROM Encyclopedias and computerized maps. Consequently, educators need to impart to all learners three new foundational skills: how to find information, how to determine if what is found is relevant to the task at hand, and how to determine if the relevant i nformation is accurate.    While the importance of securing an adequate education for American's children has been long understood, this undertaking has, over the last fifteen years taken on a new sense of urgency. On the one hand, increasing international economic competitions and corporate restructuring brought attention to the necessity of preparing the next generation of Americans in the challenging world of high-tech and finance. Accordingly, the quality of education in the United States could determine whether our children achieve highly compensated jobs, compete for high-skilled jobs, or contend with workers from developing countries; hence, adequate technology training helps ensure our children's success as adults.

Managing Regulative Community Relationships

The introduction of the new technology has created a massive change in the global educational system. As of the present time, the proprietary educational industry is the trend in the academic arena. As clearly mentioned, the Internet is most commonly utilized for this reason. Academic companies who opt to provide educational services and gain amiable profit at the same time take advantage of this opportunity that is provided by technological revolution. In fact, â€Å"proprietary colleges are considered a cost efficient mode of course delivery† (NEA, Internet). To be able to have a fine share in the educational industry, which brings the proprietary educational companies with the profit that they ought to have, the regulations for the said system are strongly imposed by the government and some organizations that control them. This is to be able to ensure that the education provided by such companies is considerably of high level, amidst the profit-centered motives that they have towards the services that they provide the students who are enrolled in their curriculum offerings. In this regard, it could be noted that the regulations created for this type or proprietary companies tend to allow the developmental measures that could be taken into consideration. By being able to further develop their systems of employment as well as their class offerings that are open to the public, they are allowed to balance both their services and their profit share in the market. In comparison with the less stringently regulated industries such as the ones found in the internet (e.g. Amazon.com), proprietary education industry is able to attract an ample amount of market share in the educational industry which in a way, helps them attain the profitable goal that they have aimed upon creating the virtual educational institutions. Among the regulations that controls the proprietary educational companies’ activities is the corporate citizenship. This is a regulation that indicates that companies that provide public service, such as education, should have â€Å"a shift from a paradigm of doing no harm as one of adopting a role for a positive good (Tuck, Internet). This means that an educational company found in the virtual world must not only see to it that they are doing no harm to their clients but they are also able to provide their ‘stakeholders’ with the ample service that they give, which refers to the positive good of the corporate missions. As a result, many students are further attracted to the system of education that virtual universities or colleges offer. Certainly, the convenience that it brings the students is highly motivational for young students or even professionals who would like to learn more to take advantage of the course offerings provided by the said type of educational provisions. However, the profit-oriented goals of the company at times redefine the service that these educational companies are providing their clients. Wanting to actually earn an amiably high amount of returns from the effort that the administrations put forward for organizing such types of institutions over the net, they are usually grabbed away from the excellent educational service that they are expected to provide their students. Hence, as a result, the financial stability that could ensure the company’s future existence in the proprietary educational industry is dimmed and less given attention. As known to many, the risks in any kind of industry changes over the years. This is why Lucy Benholz has pointed out in one of her articles that â€Å"foundations from different regions and sizes have found that building strong relationship with the policy makers when times are good will afford them some access to the resources that are further stretched on all sides†(Internet). This mainly points out the fact that as the policies and regulatory systems of the industry changes over time, it would be helpful for the companies to develop close relationships with the policy makers. This way they are able to earn for themselves an access to the provisions and resources given by the regulatory board creators to help them readjust their systems and still be able to attain the profit-centered missions of the company. If this is not considered by the administration, it could be well expected that the company would have a hard time dealing with the adjustments that has to be done and in later times, it would not be impossible for the virtual company to loose its track and be eliminated in the proprietary educational industry. BIBLIOGRAPHY Tuck, Jackie. (2005). Managing community relationships, reputation and sustaining competitive advantage. School of Business University of Ballarat. http://www.latrobe.edu.au/csrc/fact2/refereed/tuck_lowe_mccrae.pdf. (January 3, 2007). NEA Research Update. (2004). Proprietary Education: Threat, or Not? http://www2.nea.org/he/heupdate/images/vol10no4.pdf.   (January 3, 2007). Bernholz, Lucy. Managing up in down times. http://www.blueprintrd.com/text/managingup.pdf. (January 3, 2007).      

The Lottery Ticket Analysis - 1885 Words

The Lottery Ticket I. The Author and It s Background : Anton Pavlovich Chekhov was born in the small seaport of Taganrog, southern Russia, the son of a grocer. Chekhov s grandfather was a serf, who had bought his own freedom and that of his three sons in 1841. He also taught himself to read and write.Yevgenia Morozov, Chekhov s mother, was the daughter of a cloth merchant. When I think back on my childhood, Chekhov recalled, it all seems quite gloomy to me. His early years were shadowed by his father s tyranny, religious fanaticism, and long nights in the store, which was open from five in the morning till midnight. He attended a school for Greek boys in Taganrog (1867-68) and Taganrog grammar school (1868-79). The family was†¦show more content†¦Many things bothered the husband that made him thought of something absurd about his wife. With their minds consumed with selfishness and greed, they argued on what to do with the money. As the tension rises between the couple, they read each others mind and they thought the same thing. As they argue about the money, their love for each other gradually deteriorates and as if they no longer know each other III. Point of View : Third Person Limited. A third person narrator whose knowledge is limited to one character, either major or minor, has a limited point of view. It is limited to the one character with whom the story is being told through. IV. Dramatic Conflict : Man vs. Man. Husband against wife or more specifically husband s vision against his wife s vision. The couples contradict each other s ideals that resulted to misunderstandings and arguements. V. Theme : Money definitely does not buy love and, in fact, it has the potential to destroy it. Don t build castles in the air or build future upon a shaky foundation. VI. Plot A. 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